服务器404错误怎么修复

# 只看状态码
curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" https://www.example.com/old-page

# 同时看最终跳转后的状态码（跟随重定向）
curl -sL -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code} %{url_effective}\n" https://www.example.com/old-page

# 用 HEAD 请求看响应头
curl -I https://www.example.com/old-page

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.example.com;
    root /var/www/html;

    # 1) 精确匹配：只有 / 这一个 URI 命中
    location = / {
        index index.html;
    }

    # 2) ^~ 前缀：以 /static/ 开头的全部走这里，且不检查下面的正则
    location ^~ /static/ {
        root /data/assets;       # 实际查找 /data/assets/static/xxx
        expires 30d;
    }

    # 3) 正则：按书写顺序，先 \.php$ 再图片类
    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

    # 4) 兜底：最长前缀匹配，所有未被上面命中的请求
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }
}

# root：最终路径 = root 值 + 完整 URI
# 请求 /static/logo.png → /var/www/html/static/logo.png
location /static/ {
    root /var/www/html;
}

# alias：最终路径 = alias 值 + (URI 去掉 location 前缀后的部分)
# 请求 /static/logo.png → /data/assets/logo.png
location /static/ {
    alias /data/assets/;
}

sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
# 404 时会看到：open() "/var/www/html/static/logo.png" failed (2: No such file or directory)
# 这一行直接告诉你 Nginx 实际去找的是哪个路径

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name app.example.com;
    root /var/www/app;
    index index.html;

    # 静态资源正常走文件
    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|svg|woff2)$ {
        expires 7d;
        try_files $uri =404;
    }

    # 前端路由兜底：文件找不到就交给 index.html 由前端路由器接管
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    # 后端 API 单独反代，不能被上面的兜底吃掉
    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

server {
    root /var/www/wordpress;
    index index.php index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

    # 禁止访问 PHP 文件的上传目录，防 Getshell
    location ~* /uploads/.*\.php$ {
        return 404;
    }
}

# WordPress 根目录 .htaccess

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

# Laravel：入口在 public 目录，root 必须指到 public
root /var/www/laravel/public;
location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}

# ThinkPHP：老版本常用 rewrite 写法
location / {
    if (!-e $request_filename) {
        rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s=$1 last;
    }
}

sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo sed -i 's/AllowOverride None/AllowOverride All/' /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
sudo systemctl restart apache2

# 1) 大小写：Linux 严格区分，Image.jpg 与 image.jpg 是两个文件
ls -l /var/www/html/img/ | grep -i "logo"
curl -I http://127.0.0.1/img/Logo.png      # 对照实际文件名

# 2) 软链接失效：ls -l 中链接目标显示为红色闪烁即已断
ls -l /var/www/html/
readlink -f /var/www/html/uploads          # 输出为空说明目标不存在
# Nginx 若配置了 disable_symlinks on; 也会拒绝访问符号链接

# 3) CDN 缓存：绕过 CDN 直连源站对比
curl -I -H "Host: www.example.com" http://源站IP/path
curl -I https://www.example.com/path

# 导出全部生效配置并定位关键指令所在文件与行号
sudo nginx -T | grep -nE "root|alias|try_files|rewrite|location|include"

# 只看某个站点的完整配置
sudo nginx -T | sed -n '/server_name www.example.com/,/^}/p'

# 语法校验，改完必做
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx