云服务器和物理服务器哪个更划算

# 安装 smartmontools 并核查硬盘健康（决定二手残值）
sudo apt install -y smartmontools
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep -E 'Power_On_Hours|Reallocated_Sector_Ct|Wear_Leveling_Count|SMART overall-health'

# 查看整机型号与出厂序列号（二手转让与维保查询用）
sudo dmidecode -t system | grep -E 'Manufacturer|Product Name|Serial Number'

# tco_compare.py —— 云服务器 vs 物理服务器 三年 TCO 测算与交叉点分析
HOURLY_RATE = 150  # 运维人力单价（元/小时），按实际情况调整

def cloud_tco(monthly_fee: float, months: int = 36,
              ops_hours_per_month: float = 2.0) -> dict:
    """monthly_fee: 云实例月费（含带宽）"""
    compute = monthly_fee * months
    ops = ops_hours_per_month * months * HOURLY_RATE
    return {"计算+带宽": round(compute, 0), "人力": round(ops, 0),
            "残值抵扣": 0, "三年TCO": round(compute + ops, 0)}

def physical_tco(hw_cost: float, rack_monthly: float, months: int = 36,
                 ops_hours_per_month: float = 8.0,
                 salvage_rate: float = 0.10, depreciate_years: int = 5) -> dict:
    """hw_cost: 硬件采购价；rack_monthly: 机柜+带宽月费"""
    used_years = months / 12
    rack = rack_monthly * months
    ops = ops_hours_per_month * months * HOURLY_RATE
    repair = hw_cost * 0.05 * (used_years / depreciate_years)
    salvage = hw_cost * salvage_rate * max(0, 1 - used_years / depreciate_years)
    total = rack + ops + repair - salvage
    return {"硬件折旧": round(hw_cost * min(used_years / depreciate_years, 1), 0),
            "机柜+带宽": round(rack, 0), "人力": round(ops, 0),
            "维修备件": round(repair, 0), "残值抵扣": -round(salvage, 0),
            "三年TCO": round(total, 0)}

def crossover(cloud_monthly: float, hw_cost: float, rack_monthly: float,
              max_months: int = 120) -> int | None:
    """返回物理机 TCO 首次低于云 TCO 的月份，None 表示 10 年内不交叉"""
    for m in range(1, max_months + 1):
        c = cloud_tco(cloud_monthly, m)["三年TCO"]
        p = physical_tco(hw_cost, rack_monthly, m)["三年TCO"]
        if p < c:
            return m
    return None

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("小规格(4C8G) 云 :", cloud_tco(300))
    print("入门物理机托管  :", physical_tco(20000, 1000))
    print("交叉点月份      :", crossover(300, 20000, 1000) or "10年内云更划算")

# 安装并开启系统活动采集
sudo apt install -y sysstat
sudo sed -i 's/^ENABLED="false"/ENABLED="true"/' /etc/default/sysstat
sudo systemctl enable --now sysstat

# 查看当日 CPU 利用率（100 - %idle）
sar -u 1 5

# 查看历史某天的 CPU 报表（sa08 表示 8 号）
sar -u -f /var/log/sysstat/sa08 | tail -n 5

# 汇总 P95 利用率：P95 长期 < 30% 说明严重超配，应降配
sar -u -f /var/log/sysstat/sa08 \
  | awk 'NR>3 && $NF ~ /^[0-9.]+$/ {print 100-$NF}' \
  | sort -n | awk '{a[NR]=$1} END{print "P95利用率:", a[int(NR*0.95)]"%"}'