中小企业服务器配置推荐

# db_memory_plan.py —— 数据库服务器内存分配建议
def plan(total_gb: float, has_other_service: bool = False):
    """total_gb: 服务器总内存(GB)；has_other_service: 是否同机跑其他服务"""
    os_reserve = 2.0                      # 系统基线
    other = 4.0 if has_other_service else 0
    usable = total_gb - os_reserve - other
    buffer_pool = usable * 0.70           # InnoDB 缓冲池占可用内存 70%
    conn_mem = usable * 0.15              # 连接与临时表
    return {
        "InnoDB缓冲池GB": round(buffer_pool, 1),
        "连接与排序GB": round(conn_mem, 1),
        "预留GB": round(usable * 0.15 + os_reserve, 1),
    }

print("16GB 独享数据库 :", plan(16))
print("32GB 独享数据库 :", plan(32))
print("32GB 混合部署   :", plan(32, True))

# 1. 看 CPU：%id 低为 CPU 瓶颈，%wa 高为 IO 瓶颈
sar -u 1 5

# 2. 看磁盘：%util 接近 100 说明磁盘已打满
iostat -x 1 3

# 3. 看内存：available 长期低于总量 15% 才是内存瓶颈
free -m

# 4. 看进程级占用，定位到底谁在吃资源
ps aux --sort=-%mem | head -n 10
ps aux --sort=-%cpu | head -n 10

# 提高文件句柄与进程数限制
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<'EOF'
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
EOF

# 调整内核网络参数，提升并发连接能力
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/99-server.conf <<'EOF'
net.core.somaxconn = 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15
vm.swappiness = 10
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-server.conf

# 验证
ulimit -n
sysctl net.core.somaxconn

# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf —— worker 数按 CPU 核数设置
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;              # 自动等于 CPU 核数
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 10240;       # 单进程最大连接数
    multi_accept on;
}

http {
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    client_max_body_size 64m;       # 上传附件上限，ERP/OA 需要调大

    gzip on;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;
        root /var/www/html;
        index index.php index.html;

        location ~ \.php$ {
            include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
        }
    }
}

# 核对 CPU / 内存 / 磁盘是否一致
nproc; free -g; lsblk -d -o NAME,SIZE,ROTA,MODEL

# 核对带宽（iperf3 打到同地域测速点）
iperf3 -c speedtest.example.com -t 20

# 核对内核参数与句柄是否生效
sysctl net.core.somaxconn vm.swappiness
ulimit -n