服务器怎么配置运行环境

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.26-alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro
      - ./www:/usr/share/nginx/html
    restart: unless-stopped

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.4
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: Str0ng!Passw0rd
      MYSQL_DATABASE: appdb
      MYSQL_CHARACTER_SET_SERVER: utf8mb4
    volumes:
      - ./data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql
    command: --default-authentication-plugin=caching_sha2_password
    restart: unless-stopped

  redis:
    image: redis:7.4-alpine
    command: redis-server --requirepass YourRedisPass --maxmemory 512mb
    volumes:
      - ./data/redis:/data
    restart: unless-stopped

# 安装 Docker Compose 插件（Ubuntu 24.04）
sudo apt install -y docker-compose-plugin

# 启动整套环境
docker compose up -d
docker compose ps          # 查看各容器状态
docker compose logs -f nginx

# 停止并移除容器（数据卷保留）
docker compose down

# ===== Ubuntu 24.04 / Debian 12 =====
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y curl wget vim git unzip zip htop lsof net-tools \
  build-essential ca-certificates gnupg software-properties-common
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

# ===== Rocky Linux 9 / AlmaLinux 9 =====
sudo dnf update -y
sudo dnf install -y curl wget vim git unzip zip htop lsof net-tools \
  gcc gcc-c++ make ca-certificates gnupg
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

# ===== CentOS 7（已 EOL，仅存量环境参考）=====
# sudo yum update -y
# sudo yum install -y epel-release curl wget vim git unzip net-tools

# Ubuntu 24.04 替换为阿里云镜像（先备份）
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo sed -i 's|http://archive.ubuntu.com|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g; \
             s|http://security.ubuntu.com|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update

# Rocky Linux 9 更换为阿里云镜像
sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
  -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/\$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
  -i /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky*.repo
sudo dnf makecache

# 安装 Nginx（Ubuntu / Debian）
sudo apt install -y nginx

# 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable --now nginx
sudo systemctl status nginx --no-pager

# 验证服务可用（返回 HTTP/1.1 200 OK 即成功）
curl -I http://127.0.0.1

# 关键路径一览
# 主配置：     /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# 站点配置：   /etc/nginx/sites-available/  →  /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
# 默认根目录： /var/www/html
# 访问日志：   /var/log/nginx/access.log
# 错误日志：   /var/log/nginx/error.log

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;

    # 静态资源直接由 Nginx 返回，不经过后端
    location /static/ {
        alias /data/app/static/;
        expires 30d;
        access_log off;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass         http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;

        proxy_set_header   Host              $host;
        proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP         $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header   Upgrade           $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header   Connection        "upgrade";

        proxy_connect_timeout 30s;
        proxy_read_timeout    60s;
        proxy_send_timeout    60s;
    }

    client_max_body_size 20m;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/example.access.log;
}

# 启用站点并校验语法
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t                      # 必须显示 syntax is ok
sudo systemctl reload nginx        # 平滑重载，不断连接

# Rocky Linux 9 需放行 HTTP 服务
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

# ===== MySQL 8.4 LTS（Ubuntu 24.04 源默认即为 8.0.x，8.4 需官方源）=====
sudo apt install -y mysql-server
sudo systemctl enable --now mysql

# 安全初始化：设置 root 密码策略、删除匿名用户、禁止 root 远程登录
sudo mysql_secure_installation

# 登录并创建业务库与专用用户
sudo mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE appdb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;"
sudo mysql -e "CREATE USER 'appuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ng!Passw0rd';"
sudo mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON appdb.* TO 'appuser'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

# 验证连接
mysql -u appuser -p -e "SELECT VERSION(), @@port;"

# ===== PostgreSQL 16 =====
sudo apt install -y postgresql postgresql-contrib     # Ubuntu / Debian
# sudo dnf install -y postgresql-server postgresql-contrib   # Rocky Linux 9
sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql
sudo -u postgres psql -c "SELECT version();"

# 创建用户与数据库
sudo -u postgres createuser --pwprompt appuser
sudo -u postgres createdb -O appuser appdb

# ===== Redis 7 =====
sudo apt install -y redis-server
sudo systemctl enable --now redis-server

# 修改配置：绑定内网、设置密码、限制内存
sudo sed -i 's/^bind .*/bind 127.0.0.1 -::1/; s/^# requirepass.*/requirepass YourRedisPass/' /etc/redis/redis.conf
echo "maxmemory 512mb" | sudo tee -a /etc/redis/redis.conf
echo "maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru" | sudo tee -a /etc/redis/redis.conf
sudo systemctl restart redis-server

# 验证
redis-cli -a YourRedisPass ping     # 应返回 PONG

# Ubuntu 24.04 / Debian 12 安装 OpenJDK 21 LTS
sudo apt install -y openjdk-21-jdk
# Rocky Linux 9：sudo dnf install -y java-21-openjdk-devel

# 验证安装
java -version
javac -version

# 配置 JAVA_HOME（写入全局环境变量）
echo 'export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64' | sudo tee /etc/profile.d/java.sh
echo 'export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile.d/java.sh
source /etc/profile.d/java.sh
echo $JAVA_HOME

# Ubuntu 24.04 默认已带 Python 3.12
python3 --version

# 安装 venv 与 pip
sudo apt install -y python3-venv python3-pip

# 创建独立虚拟环境，避免污染系统 Python
python3 -m venv /opt/venvs/appenv
source /opt/venvs/appenv/bin/activate

# 在虚拟环境内安装依赖（使用国内镜像加速）
pip install --upgrade pip -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

# 退出虚拟环境
deactivate

# 安装 nvm（Node Version Manager）
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.1/install.sh | bash
source ~/.bashrc

# 安装 Node.js 22 LTS 并设为默认
nvm install 22
nvm use 22
nvm alias default 22

# 验证与配置 npm 镜像
node -v && npm -v
npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com

# 全局安装 PM2 进程管理器
npm install -g pm2
pm2 startup systemd        # 生成开机自启配置
pm2 save

# Ubuntu 24.04 添加 PHP 官方仓库
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y
sudo apt update

# 安装 PHP 8.3 与常用扩展
sudo apt install -y php8.3-fpm php8.3-mysql php8.3-gd php8.3-curl \
  php8.3-mbstring php8.3-xml php8.3-zip php8.3-redis php8.3-opcache

# 启动 FPM 并确认监听套接字
sudo systemctl enable --now php8.3-fpm
ls -l /run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock

# 调整上传与内存限制
sudo sed -i 's/^upload_max_filesize.*/upload_max_filesize = 64M/; \
             s/^post_max_size.*/post_max_size = 64M/; \
             s/^memory_limit.*/memory_limit = 256M/' /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini
sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

location ~ \.php$ {
    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include fastcgi_params;
}